It is often believed that fig trees are all-terrain plants that can withstand any temperature, lack of water and pests and diseases, but this is not the case, they are trees that suffer like any other. . Many pests and diseases can be controlled through prevention and not when they are already affecting the fruit tree. Today we are going to look at the most common fig tree pests and diseases and how to combat them.
Contents
harmful
white hood
It is a kind of cochineal that has a very hard and white outer shell. They are usually seen in the branches and trunks of the fig tree. If it spreads throughout the fig tree, it is very difficult to control biologically, so detecting the pest early is essential. If we see that it is in a specific area of the fig tree, we must cut the affected branches. It is important to prune and thin out the fig tree periodically because the expansion of the cochineal is favored if there are many non-aerated areas.
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The presence of this cochineal it also attracts fungi such as fatty because it produces a substance known as molasses which the fungi like. Also for sale is a parasitic wasp which is its natural predator known as Scutellista sp. apply treatments potassium soap neem oil It is also effective at the end of May and August, that is to say at the birth of the young, which can move around the fig tree, unlike the adults, which are immobile.
Birds
Birds generally feed on figs, one or two is good but if there are too many you can completely lose the production of figs. To prevent birds from eating all the figs, there are nets that are put on the trees when they are about to ripen.
Fig tree moth
It affects the leaves of the fig tree because the caterpillars of this butterfly eat the whole leaf, leaving only the nerves. This plague is only serious if there are too many individuals, the fig tree would be affected by not being able to carry out photosynthesis correctly, which is its way of acquiring nutrients. A bacillus treatment would be recommended to fight against the caterpillars.
black fig fly
It is a fly (Silba adipata) that bites the fig to lay its eggs when it is still green and never ripens because they end up falling to the ground. When figs begin to swell before ripening, it is advisable to set up Mcphail type traps with food baits to control this pest. Ask your trusted store about agricultural products because there are already many commercial baits specific for each pest.
fruit fly
Ceratitis capitata is a fly that affects many fruit trees by biting the fruit and laying their eggs inside. You have surely seen them more than once because they are small white worms without legs which are inside the fig when you open it to eat it. It is fought in the same way as the fig fly, by trapping with food bait.
nematodes
It is a pest (Meloidogyne sp.) which can be serious since there is no way to fight it ecologically if we already have large fig trees on the farm. Although our grandparents knew that they used mulch to generate life in the soil and in this way the nematodes were controlled due to the proliferation of bacteria and fungi. The only proven method to eradicate nematodes is biosolarization or solarization, but this must be before we plant the fig trees or if we have to uproot them. The symptoms are a decrease in production and a general weakening of the banyan tree.
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Grasshopper
They are harmful to young fig trees since they eat the few leaves that have been able to grow. If the fig trees are very small, you can put them in a bottle cut from the bottom to protect them. You can also use the apichi treat or any other that has a spicy flavor because when they eat they won’t like it. It is known to be eaten by grasshoppers as they always eat at the edges of leaves, leaving a semicircle with holes in the leaf. You can also go there at 11 or 12 in the morning on a sunny day and it is common to see them in action, so you have confirmation.
Fig mite
It is a mite known as eriophyid and affects figs causing internal rust. They are not visible to the naked eye and also carry the mosaic virus, which we will discuss later. The leaves of fig trees are observed with yellowish spots, a treatment with wettable sulfur can be applied preventively in case it is due to this mite since these symptoms can also be caused by other situations.
Ants
There are ants that feed on plant nectars or liquids that can also affect fruit trees, including fig trees. When the fruit is ripe, they chop it up and hollow it out. The best method is to use food baits such as syringes sold at farm supply stores. The rice method does not work because they only feed on liquids. A trick that I recently applied in my garden was that during the first autumn rains, the ants were forced to rebuild their nests, being more easily located. I applied the food bait to a non-porous surface and covered it with a pot or wood to protect it from rain. If necessary, repeat the treatment until there are no more ants.
Driller
It is a beetle that makes holes in the branches and trunks of trees to get inside and feed. He can kill the fig tree because if that were not enough, he chooses fig trees already weakened by other diseases. It is difficult to fight them organically, it is better to turn to a specialist.
Diseases
mosaic virus
Yellow spots are produced on fruits and on old and recently emerged leaves. It can also affect the growth of the fig tree and decrease production. It is a virus that has no solution and is quite common since it usually affects all fig trees sooner or later. It is transmitted by the mite described above, although it can also appear due to stress due to too little or too much water, drastic pruning or lack of nutrients. Another method is to graft by taking cuttings from an infected plant.
Daring of the Higuera
Fatty is caused by other pests such as whitecap as they produce a molasses which the fungi like. As the name suggests, the plant will turn black which, if left unchecked, will reduce photosynthesis. Fortunately, it can be combated by cleaning with pressurized water or treating with potassium soap.
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root rot
It is a fungus that affects the roots, preventing them from consuming nutrients. The symptom that can be observed is that the leaves of the fig tree turn yellow, then turn brown and fall off. This disease usually comes from poorly drained soil because water accumulates when we water it or when it rains. Once the fig tree has contracted it, there is no cure that will prevent it from dying.
trunk canker
It is a fungus that appears after pruning, so it is important that a healing and disinfectant paste is always applied. Even so, treatment can be given to combat canker.
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