The bean is one of the most important legumes in the garden, native to Peru. It is mainly divided into two groups: those in which the seed is eaten by shelling it (king beans) and those where you eat everything, seed and pod (called green beans).
The cultivation of beans and green beans is very similar, they are legumes of the same species. Next we will consider beans, while we will deal with the cultivation of beans in any separate case.
It is a kind of garden which is cultivated without great difficulty and it is very important to have beans in the field for enrich the soil with nitrogen you can choose to plant dwarf or pole beans.
Contents [Ocultar]
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the bean plant
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Ideal climate and terrain
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ground work
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Fertilizing for Beans
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sow the bean
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Arrange supports for climbing beans
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grow beans in the garden
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Hoe and weeding
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Irrigation
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dwarf varieties
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Crop rotation and associations
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Growing beans in pots
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Bean diseases and pests
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Bean Plant Diseases
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Insects and pests against which to defend beans
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When to Harvest Beans
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What varieties of beans to grow
Contents
the bean plant
The bean plant ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) It is part of the Fabaceae family, better known as legumes, such as chickpeas, beans and peas. These plants are known for their ability to fix nitrogen in the soil, thanks to bacteria that live in symbiosis with the root system. East nitrogen supply that this culture gives to the soil makes it particularly valuable for keeping the garden rich and fertile.
Depending on the variety, the bean can be dwarf or climber which changes some of the characteristics of your garden crop, such as planting season and growth cycle.
The dwarf variety is earlier, which makes it suitable for rapid rotation. For this reason, it is often preferred in the home garden, where it is useful for quickly freeing up space. Green beans are more productive, however, which may justify the long wait.
The beans eat the dried seeds and then cook them. It is a particularly interesting vegetable also to take to the table, due to its protein content making it an excellent meat substitute, worth growing in the garden, and a staple of vegetarian and vegan diets.
ideal climate and terrain
the bean plant loves warm, temperate climates Sow in areas well exposed to the sun. Compared to broad beans and peas, it fears the cold more and is not suitable for autumn or winter sowing periods.
The ideal soil should be soft, of medium texture, with a pH around 5. This plant however adapts very well to various types of soil even if you don’t like them too sandy or with too much clay.
ground work
Before planting the beans, it is best to carry out classic tillage: sprinkle, hoe and finally level the rake . This allows the young plants to find a welcoming and draining soil.
bean diet
The beans benefit from a good organic fertilizer , which is done with mature or granulated manure buried halfway down in the garden soil. As far as the supply of nitrogen is concerned, the soil does not need to be fertilized much, since being a leguminous plant, it is the bean itself that thinks of capturing this element from the air, therefore only a small amount is needed for the initial growth phase. If the nitrogen is low, the plant absorbs less water and also becomes less attractive to aphids. Beans, on the other hand, require a healthy dose of potassium.
sow the bean
Popular tradition says that » the beans are sown in the first 100 days of the year and should be placed so that the bells can be heard “ . translated means that Beans should be sown in early May Yes it is necessary to place the seed rather superficially .
Planting period. Beans can be grown in a protected crop by placing them in jars in the nursery between February and March or in the open field by sowing them directly in the soil of the garden between April and May . If you want to follow the lunar calendar, the best time is said to be two or three days after the first lunar quarter, at least on a rising moon. They can still be sown during the summer, with an autumn harvest. If planting is delayed, it is better to plant dwarf beans, which, having a faster cycle, compensate for late planting.
Sixth planting of beans. Beans are planted by placing one seed every 3-4 centimeters in rows 50 cm apart, or plant in post office (5-6 seeds per hole), keeping distances of 15-20 cm between each hole. Planting with postarela facilitates the emergence of seedlings from the soil because the effort of drilling the soil crust will be combined. Seed can indeed encounter emergency difficulties if the ground is too hard , especially in the event of electrical storms followed by themselves, for which the peasant tradition recommends not to put them too deeply. Bean seeds are buried 1.5 times their size as deep.
encourage planting . The anti-hail net that breaks up the drops prevents soil compaction. You can also soak the seed 12 o’clock before planting to speed up the emergence, it advances in 2-3 days and reduces the hardening of the soil, otherwise the seed takes about 7 days to come out if the temperature is above 14 degrees, the birth is faster if it is at 20 degrees. Cold, on the other hand, can block development and cause the seed to rot.
Preparing supports for climbing beans
In the case of climbing species, it is necessary to choose a suitable support: if posts are used, it is better to plant by posts, possibly by tubs to cross the supports (post every 40 cm, tubs at a distance of 70 cm). If a net is used instead, it is better to sow in rows (rows 100 cm apart, seeds every 3-4 cm). Be sure to make supports that take into account the development of the plant and that are resistant to wind and summer storms.