If you’re new to your garden, chances are you haven’t heard of nematodes in plants yet. And you might be wondering what are they? Well, nematodes are tiny animals that live in the soil, and most are harmless to agriculture because they feed on fungi.
Nematodes on plants and roots
Some species harm the farmer. They are called phytophagous nematodes because they feed on the roots of our plants. In today’s article, we are going to see how we recognize them, how to prevent them and fight plant nematodes naturally.
The main problem with nematodes is that they live underground, which makes fighting or eliminating them quite difficult. They are very small in size and cannot be seen with the naked eye.So how do we know whether or not we have nematodes in our crop? We will explain below the symptoms they produce in plants.
Symptoms of Nematodes on Plant Roots
Let’s first see what are the main symptoms to detect if we have a pest of this type that affects crops. Some of the most common are:
- Early maturity or delayed fruiting
- The stunting of plants.
- Delay in the appearance of germs.
- Performance decreases.
- Chlorosis on the leaves they turn yellow.
- Several plants showing these symptoms in our garden.
- Very short roots.
- Black spots on the roots.
- Swollen roots or the appearance of knots or gills as seen in the image above.
It is necessary to know the types of nematodes that exist to know how to act in defense of the culture or in prevention.
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Types of nematodes in plants
There are different types of nematodes:
- Endoparasites: They are inside the factory. Meloidogyne.
- Seminoparasites: Part of the nematode is inside the plant and the other part outside. Heterodera, Globodera, Pratylenchus
- Sedentary ectoparasites: They put their heads inside the factory. Paratylenchus, Ratylenchus.
- Migratory ectoparasites: It just sticks its mouth apparatus into the roots as if it were a “chip”. xiphineme And Trichodorus.
Prevention
One of the best ways to avoid this scourge is to prevent it. There crop rotation is one of the ways. Thanks to this practice, we can reduce the population of nematodes in the soil.
THE amendments are another way, since fertilizing the land with manure, humus or with compost reduces the number of nematodes.
Repellent plants against nematodes: Like him marigoldrue, marigold, dahlia, pyrethrum daisy. They will help keep this pest at bay.
Before adding new soil, it is advisable to dry it in the sun for several days. And finally, plant green manure like legumes, it is very interesting because it makes the soil richer in nitrogen.
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- Batlle Green Manure is an ecological alternative to fertilize the soil
- Vetch Sativa generates a symbiosis with soil microorganisms that allows it to fix nitrogen from the air, fertilizing the area where it is grown.
- When the crop is in flower, bury all the organic material of the plant (leaves, stems and roots) which, when decomposed, provides nutrients.
- On the other hand, during a crop rotation, the problems of weeds decrease
How to Naturally Fight Nematodes in Plants
You may be wondering what nematicides or insecticides for nematodes we can use, but really the only effective method we have is solarization or biosolarization. But this requires the crop to lack plants, for it to be more effective. Here we explain how to heal the earth from pests with solarization and biosolarization, and what these methods consist of.
And although it is less effective, we can also use predators, other bacteria and fungi that help control nematodes.
Unfortunately there is not much we can do if we already have it in the crop because as you can see they are quite harmful.
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