The pomegranate tree is a fruit tree from the eastern Mediterranean whose civilizations have spread it around the world through trade. It is currently well distributed due to its many properties and its use in today’s cuisine.
The most common pests that we can find in the pomegranate tree are the following.
aphids
They usually appear in the spring in the first tender shoots that appear on the pomegranate tree, although they can also appear in the fall in flowers and fruits. They weaken the shoots and produce spots and roughness in the fruits. Due to the proliferation of the aphid and the production of molasses, black is also generated on the leaves. The aphid can be controlled with potassium soap spray.
cottony mealybug
It is a common pest in pomegranate cultivation as it has about 5 generations per year. They spend the winter sheltered in the cracks of the trunk, fruits or among the leaves. Ants defend them from predators so controlling them is an obligation. It can be difficult to control them organically, but they can be prevented from climbing the tree by using glue that can be placed in the lower part of the trunk.
During the production of molasses, blackness appears in the culture, so we can also detect it because all the leaves and branches turn black. The cottony mealybug has natural predators such as Cryptolaemus montrouzieri and Anagyrus pseudococci which can be bought and released if you have plenty of pomegranate trees. It can also be combated with potassium soap and neem oil treatments. Pruning is recommended in winter to thin out the tree and also to remove some fruit if they are very close together, as mealybugs usually hide in the contact area.
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night butterflies
There are moths known as barrenetas that attack pomegranate. Some are attracted to the honeydew produced by the mealybug and bite the fruit, causing it to drop prematurely. It is important to remove fruits that fall to the ground when harvesting pomegranates to prevent insects from hibernating there. The only way to combat them would be to apply the Bacillus treatment before they perforate the fruit and for this it would be necessary to install traps with pheromones to know when the butterflies are present in the crop, because we are interested in applying the treatment when the eggs are about to hatch. There are several species that attack the pomegranate like Cryptoblabes gnidiella or Ectomyelois ceratoniae.
As for borer butterflies that feed on wood, it is advisable to cut the branch that can be seen with the recent galleries because if it spreads too much it can kill the tree. The butterfly is Zeuzera pyrina and can be caught using pheromone traps.
Mites
There are several mites that affect pomegranate cultivation. They can be found on the underside of leaves where they cause leaf discoloration and distortion. It can be combated with wettable sulfur treatments among other eco-friendly remedies.
hood
They are found on branches and shoots. It can be fought but usually doesn’t cause much damage.
fruit fly
Known as Ceratitis capitata, it is a brightly colored fly that lays its eggs inside the fruit. It can be fought by trapping.
The diseases that affect the pomegranate tree are as follows.
black Heart
It is caused by the fungus Alternaria and the fruits rot inside, turning black. The skin remains intact when the fungus enters through the pistil. If you live in an area with high humidity during flowering, it is advisable to apply copper treatments.
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botrytis
Botrytis infects flowers and when the fruit is stored in a damp place, it germinates and grows. It is the typical fruit that we see covered with a grayish powder. Properly storing pomegranates at a temperature of 5 degrees will prevent borytis from hatching.
Log scalding
It is caused by the fungus Phytophthora and dark spots are generated on the bark of the trunk and below, if the bark can be removed, there will be brown spots. It is caused by excess humidity and to avoid it, it is recommended to have good drainage. If the soil is very clayey, you can make a bead at the base so that the water does not form puddles.
Cercospores
During the rainy season and high humidity, dark spots are generated on the leaves and fruits. If the lesions are very large, concentric gray rings may form. These symptoms are only superficial, disfiguring the fruit.
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does not bear fruit
The pomegranate tree usually starts to bear fruit after 3 years and if it produces a lot of flowers but they fall off, it may be due to the conditions in which you planted it. It should not be over watered or fertilized and the soil should have good drainage. It is a tree that loves the sun a lot, so it is best to plant it in the area of ​​the plot where it has the most impact. It is practical to plant more than one pomegranate tree because, although more than one tree is not needed for cross-pollination, it is true that they generally bear more fruit if there is more of a pomegranate tree on the farm.
Pomegranates opened
Fruits crack when there is a water imbalance and when there are temperature contrasts. For example, if it is very hot and they lack water. In hot weather, it is advisable to water in the morning to avoid this problem, as it is not recommended to water when it is warmer.
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